包菜是人们生活当中常见的一种蔬菜，又叫ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E7%94%98%E8%93%9D&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLnlJjok50iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.r4ibb_303zcKsLy283lVXebeX0T9OaTthA4mAEXz980&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">甘蓝，据说原产地是在ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLlnLDkuK3mtbciLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.bMq7MafT6ZkSUA54A7gP3UL0mqAVW0dpS_wQTesoXYw&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">地中海沿岸一带，后来在世界范围内都有种植，包菜在我国的种植面积也是相当的大，包菜还有其他一些变种，我国东西南北，地域广阔，包菜在不同的地区叫法有多种，甘蓝，包菜，卷心菜，高丽菜，椰菜，洋白菜等名字都是指的包菜。包菜具有适应范围广，比较耐寒，又具有较高的抗病能力，相对其他蔬菜更容易栽培，所以有很多人想种植包菜。要想包菜产量高质量好，还需要了解相关的栽培技术。
1，掌握育苗关，育出的包菜苗是否健壮，会直接影响包菜生长的是否健壮，将育ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E8%8B%97%E5%BA%8A&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLoi5fluooiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.1I5epeQRfm2Egdb5ScmRRd11W7QaagBzBH4mp76JvTk&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">苗床选择在地势较高，光照充足，背风向阳，排灌方便的田间，一般种植一亩地的包菜，需要准备育苗床的面积约为62平方米左右，最好是富含ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E8%B4%A8&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLmnInmnLrotKgiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.TdGci45SZU65cLr_BCLNEa3xBt5UiOIFrHl3iKndtbk&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">有机质的砂质土壤。每平方米准备优质的包菜种子大约10克左右。育苗之前将经过充分腐熟的农家肥均匀撒在苗床上，每平方米10公斤左右，ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%88%E8%82%A5&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLkuInlhYPlpI3lkIjogqUiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.QFJEVfSzjBQrc18PIfOmeq2SBRJ2M9JqJsQaezBmv9s&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">三元复合肥50克。将这些肥料均匀撒在育苗床上用旋耕机进行旋耕，打碎掺匀，平整育苗床。为了提高包菜的出芽率，在播种之前可以将包菜种子浸泡在0.1%ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E9%AB%98%E9%94%B0%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLpq5jplLDphbjpkr4iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.ANW71USueGypILBGEJxwcqhMVFD3ip8FzvV5vJ-bYzo&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">高锰酸钾水溶液中大约一个小时，然后，捞出来，用清水冲洗进行ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%82%AC%E8%8A%BD&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLlgqzoir0iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.5Z5i-AvTvKG51EZO1Ji3Brlv2n19EkUvUQmSj41h89o&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">催芽播种，种子有白色的培根露出即可播种。
在播种之前对预苗床进行灌透水，水分渗下去之后，将种子均匀撒在田间上面覆盖细薄的潮土，上面覆盖地膜保湿保温。有80%左右出苗即可将地膜撤出。
2，大田地选择，包菜喜欢土层深厚，土质疏松肥沃，ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E8%B4%A8%E5%90%AB%E9%87%8F&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLmnInmnLrotKjlkKvph48iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.6Q4lGjhBvj-yHT2oDaL1VGzxTEadQNaz1Wk0KwA-pjc&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">有机质含量丰富，ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=pH%E5%80%BC&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiJwSOWAvCIsInpoaWRhX3NvdXJjZSI6ImVudGl0eSIsImNvbnRlbnRfaWQiOjIzNzM0NTMyMiwiY29udGVudF90eXBlIjoiQXJ0aWNsZSIsIm1hdGNoX29yZGVyIjoxLCJ6ZF90b2tlbiI6bnVsbH0.XAEqiiblLx_5rGbf8M_xHeiC99OfADph6BJWSoUSG3s&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">pH值在6.5~7.5之间的土壤。在定植前10天就要整理好土地，每亩地施入经过充分腐熟的农家肥3000公斤左右，ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E6%B0%AE%E7%A3%B7%E9%92%BE&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLmsK7no7fpkr4iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.aIkjhX9Wf2r2SW0pXmMlc7UrK1GvPLMdJroIbPM5gzE&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">氮磷钾控释肥80~120公斤左右。将肥料均匀撒在田间深翻土壤30公分左右，并用旋耕机将土壤打碎，根据地膜的宽度制作种植畦，种植畦不要太宽，一般1.2米的种植畦即可，便于浇灌与排水，四周的排水沟都做好，等待栽植就可了。
3，包菜苗栽植，早熟包菜一般掌握在苗龄32~38天左右，晚熟品种应掌握在42天左右，具有5~6片叶的健壮苗，同时应避免徒长苗出现，包菜苗生长期间，温度不要低于15度，避免春化而引起抽薹。一般1.2米宽的种植畦里面栽植两行，株距一般40公分左右，每亩保苗2800株左右。为了预防定植后出现病害，尽早缓苗生长，可在移栽之前喷洒一次600倍液ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E7%99%BE%E8%8F%8C%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%AF%E6%B9%BF%E6%80%A7%E7%B2%89%E5%89%82&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLnmb7oj4zmuIXlj6_mub_mgKfnsonliYIiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.JV84ZoYqRmldnE1wGtgF7LuCEwS5hESQWjYcfFrJ3S4&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">百菌清可湿性粉剂+4000倍液481。移栽之前头一天对育苗床浇灌透水，方便移栽。包菜苗移栽之后，马上浇ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%AE%9A%E6%A4%8D%E6%B0%B4&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLlrprmpI3msLQiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.jKpJtdrcKSBSj1DAFJ8ZGlqJ4JUDBGIY93OkibQVlnc&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">定植水，每株500毫升左右，水分渗下去后马上盖上松软的土保湿，避免过干的土壤对包菜苗生长不利。
4，肥水管理，包菜缓苗生长之后浇一遍缓苗水，当土壤泛白能进人的时候，马上进行中耕一遍进行ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E4%BF%9D%E5%A2%92&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLkv53lopIiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.kLLZwPyuw-ErYBkRX7xCrIu5x0JRP8AYCh5MF8mIMkA&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">保墒，增加ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E9%80%8F%E6%B0%94%E6%80%A7&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLlnJ_lo6TpgI_msJTmgKciLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.YW16i2HaGkmbbH-HxN17Y36g-qqpZMnOJNof1o2ZpWw&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">土壤透气性，适当蹲苗，以利于包菜苗生长。在结球前可以追施优质农家肥2200公斤左右，高氮高钾复合肥40公斤左右。包菜进入ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E7%BB%93%E7%90%83%E6%9C%9F&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLnu5PnkIPmnJ8iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.MOwsGlxWnLTVqHoquPpWTwJrbpbRRYJF6ctAuqE4eYs&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">结球期，还可以顺水冲施稀释100倍的，经过腐熟的粪尿或ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E6%B2%BC%E6%B6%B2&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLmsrzmtrIiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.665zNUB5lggO2gx9vFs_U6_pLE0OqkLFkZuWasKFO4I&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">沼液。
5，病虫害防治，包菜常见的病虫害有霜霉病，ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E9%BB%91%E6%96%91%E7%97%85&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLpu5HmlpHnl4UiLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.J41zspZFbM9DuUPWQvTjkMOlZuGM3OH_kFSIUoTPPWE&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">黑斑病，黑腐病，菜青虫，ink="true" data-paste-text="true" href="https://zhida.zhihu.com/search?content_id=237345322&content_type=Article&match_order=1&q=%E5%A4%9C%E8%9B%BE&zd_token=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpc3MiOiJ6aGlkYV9zZXJ2ZXIiLCJleHAiOjE3OTIxNjUwMzEsInEiOiLlpJzom74iLCJ6aGlkYV9zb3VyY2UiOiJlbnRpdHkiLCJjb250ZW50X2lkIjoyMzczNDUzMjIsImNvbnRlbnRfdHlwZSI6IkFydGljbGUiLCJtYXRjaF9vcmRlciI6MSwiemRfdG9rZW4iOm51bGx9.PNg9uWxd2rTB-9kXsSKBxhwsmj8UgKPotRj4K_t22V4&zhida_source=entity" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(9, 64, 142); cursor: pointer;">夜蛾，蚜虫等，可以采用相应的药剂防治。
